

When considering biological pH, the HEPES molecule is zwitterionic, and it is a buffer with the capability of carrying a positive charge at one end of the molecule and a negative charge at the other. It has been described as one of the best all-around, multi-purpose buffers available for biological research. It is a commonly used buffer ideal for most cell culture work as it helps to maintain pH levels, especially in basal media in culture. This is mainly due to its ability to maintain the physiological pH despite the changes in COz concentration which occurs normally in cell culture due to cellular respiration. When compared to bicarbonate buffers also commonly used in cell culture, it is claimed that HEPES may not only be a more effective buffering reagent for maintaining enzymes' structure and function at lower temperatures but also is reportedly superior to NaHCO3 in controlling pH in tissue or organ cultures.
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