• Frozen formulation
• Concentration at 100 mM
• Sterile-filtered
• Cell-culture tested
• Endotoxin-tested

Product DescriptionSodium Pyruvate like glutamine and glucose is considered an important constituent of most culture media and is now recognized as an easily accessible and additional carbohydrate source. Pyruvate, an anion of pyruvic acid, is the end product of glycolysis from glucose and converts into lactic acid in the absence of molecular oxygen for the purpose of obtaining more chemical energy. During glycolysis glucose is converted to pyruvate with the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from ADP. In the mitochondria of aerobic organisms, pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, which in tum is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) via the Krebs Cycle to produce much more ATP molecules. ATP provides the energy to drive cellular metabolic reactions and is considered the most important high-energy compounds in cells.Approximately 70% of the energy in the ATP comes from carbohydrate metabolism.

In essence, cells in culture have two primary paths of energy (ATP) production:

Conversion of glucose to lactate (or full oxidation to CO2)

Oxidation of L-Glutamine to CO2 and ammoniaDuring aerobic metabolism, pyruvate is integrated into the Krebs Cycle and oxidized to CO2. However, when oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities, pyruvate is metabolized into lactic acid which can acidify the culture medium when excreted. Therefore, culture media are buffered to neutralize the metabolic byproducts, lactic acid and carbon dioxide when they are dissolved in water.

In mammalian cell culture, the growth of cells is dependent upon the presence of carbon and energy sources. In most of the commonly used cell culture media, glucose and glutamine are the major energy sources, whereas glucose is essential for continuous cell attachment to the microcarrier and rate of cell growth, and L-Glutamine provides a significant portion of the energy to maintain cell growth. Media containing glucose should be supplemented with pyruvate for cellular growth especially under conditions of low cell density. A variety of other compounds including pyruvate are added in complex media especially when serum concentration is reduced and they may assist in cloning and in maintaining specialized cells.

Manufactured under ISO 13485 QMS and in compliance with applicable cGMP guidelines.